Some villas were more like the country houses of England, the visible seat of power of a local magnate, such as the famous palace rediscovered at Fishbourne in Sussex. Some were pleasure houses, like Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli, that were sited in the cool hills within easy reach of Rome or, like the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum, on picturesque sites overlooking the Bay of Naples. In the provinces, any country house with some decorative features in the Roman style may be called a "villa" by modern scholars. The Roman Empire contained many kinds of villas, not all of them lavishly appointed with mosaic floors and frescoes. Pliny the Elder (23–79 AD) distinguished two kinds of villas near Rome: the villa urbana, a country seat that could easily be reached from Rome (or another city) for a night or two and the villa rustica, the farmhouse estate permanently occupied by the servants who generally had charge of the estate. Remnants of these types of villas can be found in the vicinity of Valjevo, SerbiaĪ Roman villa was typically a farmhouse or country house built in the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, sometimes reaching extravagant proportions.
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